Ubuntu Installation

What is Ubuntu?

Ubuntu is a complete desktop Linux operating system, freely available with both community and professional support. The Ubuntu community is built on the ideas enshrined in the Ubuntu Manifesto: that software should be available free of charge, that software tools should be usable by people in their local language and despite any disabilities, and that people should have the freedom to customize and alter their software in whatever way they see fit.

• Ubuntu will always be free of charge, and there is no extra fee for the “enterprise edition”, we make our very best work available to everyone on the same Free terms.
• Ubuntu includes the very best in translations and accessibility infrastructure that the Free Software community has to offer, to make Ubuntu usable by as many people as possible.
• Ubuntu is shipped in stable and regular release cycles; a new release will be shipped every six months. You can use the current stable release or the current development release. A release will be supported for 18 months.
• Ubuntu is entirely committed to the principles of open source software development; we encourage people to use open source software, improve it and pass it on.

Ubuntu is suitable for both desktop and server use. The current Ubuntu release supports Intel x86 (IBM-compatible PC), AMD64 (Hammer) and PowerPC (Apple iBook and Powerbook, G4 and G5) architectures.


Ubuntu includes more than 1000 pieces of software, starting with the Linux kernel version 2.6 and GNOME 2.30, and covering every standard desktop application from word processing and spreadsheet applications to internet access applications, web server software, email software, programming languages and tools and of course several games.

Getting Ubuntu

For information on how to download Ubuntu from the Internet, see the download web page. The list of Ubuntu mirrors contains a full set of official Ubuntu mirrors, so you can easily find the nearest one.

Ubuntu can be upgraded after installation very easily. The installation procedure will help set up the system so that you can make those upgrades once installation is complete, if need be.

System Requirements

Installation

Insert your installation CD into your CD-ROM drive and reboot the computer. The installation system is started immediately when booting from the CD-ROM. Once initialized, your first screen will appear.

At this point, read the text on the screen. You may want to read the help screen provided by the

installation system. To do this, press F1.

To perform a default server installation, select “Install to the hard disk” and press Enter. The

installation process will be started. Simply follow the on-screen instructions, and your Ubuntu system will be installed.

Ubuntu is one of the few Linux distributions out there that will not enable the root account. If you want to do something with root permission on the console you have to type sudo before the command.

Sudo” means superuser do. “sudo” will prompt for “Password:”. Please specify user password

As you have noticed during the Ubuntu installation there was no question about the root password, as you might have been used to see during other Linux distribution installation process. Because of this your root account is inactive.

If you want to enable root account (which is not recommended) enter the following command.

$sudo passwd root

This will prompt for a new root password and once you confirm it, you can start using the root account to login

Apt-Get

The apt-get command is a powerful command-line tool used to work with Ubuntu's Advanced

Packaging Tool (APT) performing such functions as installation of new software packages, upgrade

of existing software packages, updating of the package list index, and even upgrading the entire

Ubuntu system.

Being a simple command-line tool, apt-get has numerous advantages over other package management tools available in Ubuntu for server administrators. Some of these advantages include ease of use over simple terminal connections (SSH) and the ability to be used in system administration scripts, which can in turn be automated by the cron scheduling utility.

Some examples of popular uses for the apt-get utility:

• Install a Package: Installation of packages using the apt-get tool is quite simple. For example, to install the editor vim, type the following:

 #apt-get install vim

• Remove a Package: Removal of a package or packages is also a straightforward and simple

process. To remove the vim package installed in the previous example, type the following:

 #apt-get remove vim

Update the Package Index: The APT package index is essentially a database of available

packages from the repositories defined in the /etc/apt/sources. list file. To update the local

package index with the latest changes made in repositories, type the following:

 #apt-get update

• Upgrade Packages: Over time, updated versions of packages currently installed on your computer may become available from the package repositories (for example security updated). To upgrade your system, first update your package index as outlined above, and then type:

 #apt-get upgrade

If a package needs to install or remove new dependencies when being upgraded, it will not be

upgraded by the upgrade command. For such an upgrade, it is necessary to use the dist-upgrade

command.

For further information about the use of APT, read the comprehensive Debian APT User Manual

[http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto] or type:

#apt-get help

PTA notification to SMS Marketer and cold callers

Benefit of taking your business online

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If you still aren't sure about going online, it's in your interest to make up your mind fast. An online presence for business is a powerful marketing and communication tool, an incredible source of cost-efficiency, an environmentally friendly way to work, a sign of professionalism and pretty much a requirement today. Your clients or customers are expecting to see your website address and your email on your business cards and promotional materials. They are probably asking you: "Do you have a website? Can I read more about your products or services there?"

Here are just a few advantages of going online:

• Powerful, fast and efficient marketing and communication tool and medium
  
• Minimal startup time & investment. Search engine optimized websites pay themselves off very quickly as long as they provide customers with valuable products or services
  
• The most environmentally friendly way to run a business. Telecommuting reduces the number of cars and car miles. You can test your sales strategies and offerings without wasting precious paper. Put your invoices, newsletters and catalogs online and save numerous trees
  
• Very inexpensive way to reach new markets and interact with them
  
• Office & transportation cost savings
• Unlimited possibilities for automation of your business. You can automate your order and payment processes, inventory management, your customer support tasks and more
  
• Freedom to live and work where you like. You can be traveling while running your online business and run multiple businesses simultaneously!
  
• Global presence 24/7
  
• A sign of professionalism
• Expanded Geographical Reach
• Expanded Customer Base
• Increase Visibility through Search Engine Marketing
• Provide Customers valuable information about your business
• Available 24/7/365 - Never Close
• Build Customer Loyalty
• Reduction of Marketing and Advertising Costs

Your customers are online. Are you?

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Differences Between Men and Women :)

NICKNAMES: If Gloria, Suzanne, Debra and Michelle go out for lunch, they will call each other Gloria, Suzanne, Debra and Michelle. But if Mike, Phil, Rob and Jack go out for a brewsky, they will affectionately refer to each other as Fat Boy, Godzilla, Peanut-Head and Useless.

EATING OUT: And when the check comes, Mike, Phil, Rob and Jack will each throw in $20 bills, even though it’s only for $22.50. None of them will have anything smaller, and none will actually admit they want change back. When the girls get their check, out come the pocket calculators.

BATHROOMS: A man has six items in his bathroom-a toothbrush, shaving cream, razor, a bar of Dial soap, and a towel from the Holiday Inn. The average number of items in the typical woman’s bathroom is 437. A man would not be able to identify most of these items.

GROCERIES: A woman makes a list of things she needs and then goes out to the store and buys these things. A man waits till the only items left in his fridge are half a lime and a soda. Then he goes grocery shopping. He buys everything that looks good. By the time a man reaches the checkout counter, his cart is packed tighter than the Clampett’s car on Beverly Hillbillies. Of course, this will not stop him from going to the 10-items-or-less lane.

SHOES: When preparing for work, a woman will put on a Mondi wool suit, then slip on Reebok sneakers. She will carry her dress shoes in a plastic bag from Saks. When a woman gets to work, she will put on her dress shoes. Five minutes later, she will kick them off because her feet are under the desk. A man will wear the same pair of shoes all day.

CATS: Women love cats. Men say they love cats, but when women aren’t looking, men kick cats.

DRESSING UP: A woman will dress up to: go shopping, water the plants, empty the garbage, answer the phone, read a book, get the mail. A man will dress up for: weddings, funerals.

LAUNDRY: Women do laundry every couple of days. A man will wear every article of clothing he owns, including his surgical pants that were hip about eight years ago, before he will do his laundry. When he is finally out of clothes, he will wear a dirty sweatshirt inside out, rent a U-Haul and take his mountain of clothes to the Laundromat. Men always expect to meet beautiful women at the Laundromat. This is a myth perpetuated by re-runs of old episodes of “Love, American Style.”

OFFSPRING: Ah, children. A woman knows all about her children. She knows about dentist appointments and soccer games and romances and best friends and favorite foods and secret fears and hopes and dreams. A man is vaguely aware of some short people living in the house.

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Relationship with parents: BY Hazrat Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi RA

1. Never be disrespectful to parents. Do not say a harsh word to them.
2. Even if parents are unjust, it is not lawful for children to ill-treat, disobey or displease them.
3. Obey them in all lawful things. If they instruct you to do anything which is unlawful in the Sharee'ah , then politely and with respect and apology decline. Never refuse rudely nor argue with them.
4. When parents abuse, scold or even beat their children, they should submit to such treatment with humility. Never should they utter a word of disrespect or complaint, nor should they display on their faces any indication of disgust or anger. Bear their treatment in silence and with patience. Make du'aa for them.
5. Assist them in all lawful ways even if they happen to be non-Muslims.
6. Whenever you see them, greet them.
7. If you are living with them, take their permission before going anywhere. Inform them of your whereabouts.
8. If you are engaged in Nafl Salaat and your parents call you, break your Salaat and answer their call, even if there is no urgency or importance in their call. If you are performing Fardh Salaat and you detect urgency in their call, then break even the Fardh Salaat to answer their call.
9. Do not call them on their names. Address them with a title of respect and honour.
10. After death, make du'aa of forgiveness for them. Pray for their forgiveness and within your means, practice virtuous deeds with the intention of the thawaab thereof being bestowed on them by Allah .
11. Pay the debts of your parents.
12. If they had made any lawful wasiyyat (bequest), fulfil it if you are by the means to do so.
13. Be kind, respectful and helpful to the friends of your parents.
14. When entering the private room of parents, seek their permission before entering.
15. Always be cheerful in their presence.
16. Speak kindly and tenderly with them.
17. When speaking to parents, keep your gaze low. Do not stare them in the face.
18. Do not raise your voice above the voices of your parents.
19. Be humble in their presence.
20. When accompanying parents on a walk, do not walk in front of them nor on the right or left side. Walk slightly behind them.
21. Even in their absence, speak highly and respectfully of them.
22. Do not give preference to the wife over them (this does not apply to the rights of the wife. Where parents instruct their son to violate or discard the obligatory rights of his wife, it will not be permissible to obey them in this case.)
23. Always endeavour to keep them happy.
24. Do not embark on a journey without their permission.
25. When they question you, do not inconvenience them by delaying your reply.
26. It is highly disrespectful to refrain from answering them.
27. If at any time you were disrespectful to your parents, regret your action and hasten to obtain their pardon.